In 2017 synthetic biologists from Ginkgo Bioworks partnered with the Harvard Herbarium to obtain samples of 14 plants presumed to be extinct. The DNA of six of these specimens was then sequenced, unlocking the ability to eventually recreate their scents. This groundbreaking advancement led to the founding of Arcaea in 2021, and, with Ginkgo’s support, the creation of Future Society to bring these extinct flowers’ scents back to life.

DNA sequencing enabled the biologists to read the plant’s genetic code and to look for genes that are commonly responsible for creating scent molecules. Specifically, they were look for the genes of the enzyme sesquiterpene synthases (SQS). 

In total, 2,738 genes were reconstructed and screened. The team then recreated the DNA in the lab, essentially bringing the genetic material back to life. 

However, the recreated DNA by itself could not tell us if the genes would actually “turn on" or what specific scent molecules they would create. 

To answer these questions, the DNA needed to be placed into something living. So scientists used yeast cells to mimic what may have happened in a living plant. By inserting the plant DNA into yeast and brewing it, scientists detected which scent molecules were actually being produced, using equipment like gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Over 40 scent  molecules were identified across six plants, including: 

• Gamma-Eudesmol - A woody, floral scent. 
• Epi-Cubenol: A sweet, woody, and spicy scent
• Isodaucene: A woody and earthy scent.

Isolating these molecules provided aromatic direction, but not a full scent. To create a complete fragrance, we provided the data to a group of world-renowned perfumers whose deep expertise in botany and aroma chemicals gave these lost blooms new life.